Biomass UK

As the fossil fuels that we rely so heavily on begin to run out, and concerns over the environment enjoy a much higher profile, thoughts among the government, industry and the public are turning increasingly towards renewable energy systems. With over 86% of our energy needs generated by fossil fuels, and the effects of global warming being linked to human activities, at the start of the new century there is a bigger drive than ever to find sustainable sources of energy.

So what is the current situation regarding renewable energy systems, and what are our options?

Solar energy – works by converting the energy the Earth receives from the sun into electricity through the photoelectric effect. This is most commonly done via panels constructed of crystalline silicon and protected by glass, passing the electricity generated into a grid. It can also be used to power internal heating systems using similar principles. This form of renewable energy is becoming increasingly popular due to how easy it is to set up, although concerns have been raised over whether the mixed British climate is best suited to generating energy from the sun.

Hydroelectric Power – uses the natural flow of water to power turbines and thereby generate electricity. This can take the form of a waterwheel or, on a larger scale, a hydroelectric dam where the water is retained and then released to generate high levels of energy. Similar principles have also been applied to tidal power systems, where the ebb and flow of the sea is used to power turbines. These systems are, on the whole, best suited for industrial, large-scale use.

Wind power – harnesses the power of the wind to rotate turbines and generate electricity. These renewable energy systems are most commonly found on a large-scale, sited in open, expansive areas with a good flow of wind, although again they are increasingly seen in urban areas on private dwellings to reduce electricity costs in people’s homes. There is however doubt about how much electricity each turbine can produce in real terms, the effect on the landscape and whether wind farms have the capacity to replace fossil fuels in the long-term.

Biomass – involves generating heat and electricity from the energy contained within biological material using a variety of methods, including thermal and chemical conversion. The energy released can then be harnessed, often using specialist parts such as a heat pump, to drive turbines or provide heat. This form of renewable energy system can be applied on both small and large scales, meaning it can be adapted for private and industrial use; it can also be considered sustainable, as the biological matter used can be replaced through responsible management of the land.